Bitcoin consensus Articles

BIP 142 SegWit addresses explained: review the closed Base58 design for native P2WPKH and P2WSH and why Bech32 became the deployed format.

BIP 131 coalescing transactions explained as a closed hard-fork proposal using wildcard inputs to aggregate same-script UTXOs and their risks.

BIP 124 HD script templates explained: review deterministic key groups, lexicographic sorting, placeholders and why the incomplete proposal closed.

BIP9 miner signalling explained through DEFINED, STARTED, LOCKED_IN, ACTIVE and FAILED states, including retarget windows and pool checks.

BIP 122 blockchain URI explained: learn its chain IDs, transaction, block and address paths, parser boundaries and safe explorer handling.

BIP 105 block size retargeting explained as a closed hard-fork proposal using coinbase votes, proof-of-work penalties and 2,016-block medians.

BIP 113 median time past explained: learn how the previous 11 blocks govern time-based nLockTime, mempool policy and CSV deployment.

BIP 99 fork taxonomy explained as a closed framework covering accidental splits, unilateral soft forks, schisms and consensus upgrades.

BIP 69 transaction sorting explained: learn input outpoint ordering, output amount and script ordering, privacy limits and functional exceptions.

BIP 68 relative lock time made simple. See what the proposal changes, its current status and what it means for Bitcoin users and operators.

BIP 65 CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY made simple. See what the proposal changes, its current status and what it means for Bitcoin users and operators.

BIP 42 Bitcoin subsidy explained: learn why a bit-shift overflow threatened far-future issuance and how the fix preserves finite rewards.