Bitcoin Improvement Proposals Articles

BIP 66 strict DER signatures explained through Bitcoin encoding rules, activation and the 2015 fork caused by miners building without full validation.

BIP 65 CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY made simple. See what the proposal changes, its current status and what it means for Bitcoin users and operators.

BIP 81 coloured voting-pool hierarchy explained as a closed design using five hash-derived colour levels plus series and address indexes.

BIP 80 voting-pool wallet hierarchy explained as a closed design for coin, series and address branches in deterministic multisig cold storage.

BIP 61 reject messages explained: understand codes, reasons, transaction or block hashes, privacy limits and why modern nodes may not send them.

BIP 64 getutxo explained as a closed peer query for UTXO status, including bitmap responses, unauthenticated results, privacy and DoS risks.

BIP 45 deterministic multisig wallets explained: review cosigner branches, receive and change derivation, address discovery and recovery limits.

BIP 44 wallet paths explained: understand purpose, coin type, account, change and address indexes plus gap limits and recovery compatibility.

BIP 42 Bitcoin subsidy explained: learn why a bit-shift overflow threatened far-future issuance and how the fix preserves finite rewards.

OP_RETURN explained for Bitcoin operators: understand unspendable outputs, relay and mining policy, consensus validity and changing data-size defaults.

BIP 62 transaction malleability explained as a closed proposal covering DER signatures, low-S values, minimal pushes and later deployed rules.

BIP 39 seed phrases turn computer generated entropy into words. Learn checksums, passphrases, wallet compatibility, private backup and recovery.